Being able to identify species is important to knowing whether something is native or nonnative, and whether it will become a threat to local ecosystems. Luckily, you don’t have to memorize every species and their attributes to somewhat reliably identify them. In fact, “experts” may not be that much better at species identification than “non-experts,” although they are likely better at knowing how to double-check their answers. Thankfully, this guide will help you be able to do that, too.

1. The first step to species identification is to find a local field guide. These can be purchased in a store, or you can use one of many reliable smartphone apps. Leafsnap works well for plants, or Audubon’s bird guide app can be used for birds, among others.

2. Once you have a field guide (or alternative), you need to take a good look at the plant or animal you are identifying. Pay attention to colors, patterns, and shapes. If your species is likely to move away quickly, it may be useful to take a picture first. Use all your senses - smell and sound might make a difference in species identification. For example - a bird may not be completely visible, but it could be singing. Birds can often be identified by their call alone - even if you can’t spot them!

3. Using the field guide (or alternative), try to locate your species. Identify the broadest categories first. For example, looking at this plant: [image of Leucaena leucocephala] I would first recognize it was a tree, then note the coloring, leaf shape, flowers and fruits would come after. 

4. Keep in mind your location. While our island isn’t that big, there is still a large difference between the species found on a residential street in Kapolei than on top of Aiea Ridge.

5. If all else fails, ask an expert. You can also submit photos to experts online, or through AI identification software (e.g. iNaturalist, eBird, Google lens). For birds, audio recordings and/or videos of calls can help in identification. The local Audubon Society might also be able to help with bird identification. There are also facebook groups and subreddits which can help with identification of species.